花棒带状沙障防风固沙试验研究

流沙地迎风坡上部及丘顶为风沙运动强烈区域,在其上种植花棒带作为植物沙障,可使地表粗糙度由0.014cm提高到0.642cm,地表起沙风速由8.8m/s提高到10.1m/s,可改变风沙流输沙率随高度的分布结构.实验测得0～20cm高度范围内风沙流输沙量较流沙地减少了80.2%,小气候及土壤等生态条件明显改善;在沙障带间栽植刺槐,成活率提高了58.4%,且生长情况良好.     

Monitoring of subaqueous depots with active barrier systems for contaminated dredged material using dialysis samplers and DGT probes

Background, Aims and Scope  Disposal of dredged material in subaqueous depots is increasingly considered an economic and ecologically sound option in managing contaminated dredged material. The concept of subaqueous disposals capped with active barrier systems has been developed to minimize this risk of contaminant release. As such a depot represents a permanent installation within a sensitive ecosystem, it requires a thorough monitoring concept. It is the goal of this work to develop such a concept regarding general considerations and results of laboratory and field investigations. Methods  In addition to the state-of-the-art techniques developed for other under-water constructions, this monitoring concept is developed with particular respect to the chemical isolation of the dredged material from the overlying water body. It comprises the use of seepage meters, dialysis samplers, and DGT gel probes for determining the migration of selected target solutes. The capability of the dialysis samplers is demonstrated by comparing field results with model calculations. The appropriateness of DGT probes to assess the impact of humic substances on trace metal speciation and on copper toxicity is demonstrated with the aid of laboratory experiments. Results and Discussion  The experimental results show that, by using dialysis samplers, the temporal changes in concentration-depth-profiles of heavy metals in the pore solution can be monitored. Additionally, the application of DGT probes facilitates the in situ detection of labile species of a metal in the presence of dissolved humic substances, which serves to reflect its toxicity. Conclusions. Three subsequent monitoring phases are distinguished on the basis of both general considerations and the findings from field results: A hydraulic phase that is characterized by compaction and pore water expulsion, a geochemical phase in which the demobilization of pollutants can occur due to substantial changes in the physico-chemical conditions (pH, EH), and a steady-state-phase where pore water flow and geochemical conditions are approaching their minimum. Recommendations and Outlook  The monitoring concept suggested here provides a versatile tool to assess the chemical isolation of subaqueous sediment depots and other contaminated sediment sites. This is of great importance as subaqueous disposal is increasingly considered a future management strategy as space for upland disposal is limited and treatment, in general, proves to be too costly.     

Construction of Urban Barrier Free Environment Based on Dual-core Model

According to the investigations of urban barrier free facilities, there have been lots of progresses in constructions of barrier free in cities recently. But there are no systematic barrier free facilities in these cities, which would restrict the function and effect of urban barrier free facilities for the handicapped and the elder. This paper puts forward that there should be a development from the urban barrier free facilities to the urban barrier free environment. There are two parts in the barrier free environment,that is the hardy environment and soft environment. Finally,an in-series connection two-core model of barrier free environment has been designed and discussed.     

A STUDY ON HEAT AND MOISTURE STATE OF HULL LAYER FOR THERMAL INSTULATION OF A COLD STORAGE

This paper analyses the thermal moist characteristics of the hull layer beside an air layer at lower temperature in an envelope for a cold storage and presents a new method of waterproof by air layer. With test data from engineering practice, the theory on the barrier of self moisture proof at the surface sublayer of the hull layer in an attic on a cold storage is proven. The dried zone about three phase point is confirmed. It is a new knowledge for thermophysics on thermal design of a cold storage with an optimum thermal performance.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

PRB技术及其在地下水污染修复中的应用

阐述了可渗透反应墙技术的基本原理、系统结构类型及安装方法、活性材料选取与反应机理,以及在地下水污染修复中的应用,并指出其不足和今后的发展方向。     

我国茶叶出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因及对策

我国茶叶出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的原因,有安全意识增强和保护本国利益等外部原因,也有生产技术落后、品质低下、标准体系落后和缺乏品牌等内部原因.运用提高生产水平,进行国际认证等对策可以有效地规避绿色贸易壁垒对茶叶出口的影响.     

浅谈绿色壁垒与我国农产品出口对策

本文简要分析了绿色壁垒的特点、发达国家绿色壁垒的主要表现形式以及我国农产品遭遇绿色壁垒的主要表现 ,提出我国农产品应对绿色壁垒的 6项对策     

我国农业害虫物理防治研究与应用进展

自1949年以来,我国的植物保护理论和技术研究取得了巨大进步,物理防治作为重要的害虫绿色防控技术,在基础理论研究与应用技术及产品创新领域也取得了一系列重要进展。该文综述了新中国成立后我国灯光诱控、色板诱控、物理阻隔、温度控制、辐照不育等害虫物理防治的理论、技术、设备和应用研究的重要成果,并对农业害虫物理防治的未来发展方向进行展望,以期为建立现代植保技术体系,保障我国的粮食安全、环境安全和农业可持续发展提供参考。     

Cost analysis of sand barriers in desertified regions based on the land grid division model

Sand barriers are the most widely used mechanical implements for wind-blown sand control and desertification prevention. However, there is no standard quantitative cost analysis of the sizes and materials required for sand barriers. In this study, based on the original land grid division model for optimal resource utilization, we calculated the total side lengths of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m in a desertified region of the Shapotou area on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China. Then, through literature review and social survey, we obtained the material cost and material utilization amount of sand barriers with different materials and sizes. Finally, we calculated the costs of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers comprised of wheat straw, corn stalk, Salix mongolica, poly lactic acid, magnesium cement, and high-density polyethylene, with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m. The results show that the material cost of regular hexagonal corn stalk sand barriers with the size of 3.0 m×3.0 m is the lowest, while the material cost of square magnesium cement sand barriers with the size of 1.0 m×1.0 m is the highest. When using the same material, the cost of regular hexagonal sand barriers is lower than that of square sand barriers with the same size. When using the same size, the cost of sand barriers with corn stalk material is lower than that of sand barriers with other materials. Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that the economic benefits of regular hexagonal sand barriers are greater than those of square sand barriers. This study provides a theoretical basis for accurately calculating the material cost of sand barriers, particularly for the estimated cost of mechanized sand barrier engineering projects.